JNickel101 said:
Brady, b/c I'm too lazy to look it up...and you're some sort of chemist who can probably recite this from memory
Hydrocarbons = methane/ethane?
Combustion of gasoline = CO2, CO, Hydrocarbons, NOx(?)
Cat Converter = helps eliminate NOx and...?
Hydrocarbons - compounds of naught but hydrogen and carbon, methane and ethane being good examples (also acetylene, propane, butane, ... Their numbers are legion.)
Compleat combustion of hydrocarbons in air yields carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapour (H20,) with the possibility of yielding oxides of nitrogen (NOx) as a byproduct if temperatures are high enough (~1600-1800*F, IIRC.)
Incompleat combustion of hydrocarbons in air yields CO2, H2O, and a portion of carbon monoxide (CO.) This is either due to insufficient temperature at time of combustion (depends on hydrocarbon being burned) and availability of oxygen (insufficient oxygen = CO production.)
The catalytic converter is usually a three-step device now. It first causes the combustion of any leftover hydrocarbons in the exhaust stream, reducing HC emissions (a far greater "greenhouse gas" than CO2.) Then, it reduces NOx to N2 and O2, which cuts down on NOx emissions (a component of acid rain.) Last, it then further oxidises CO into CO2 (CO can be considered a "fuel" in a strict sense, since it can still be combusted.) I've explained how haemoglobin in blood (the part that carried oxygen and makes it red - a complex organometallic form of rust) has a greater affinity for CO than for O2 - and that's why CO poisoning (properly called "asphyxia") kills.
Part of the problem is that gasoline isn't a pure hydrocarbon - and it never really has been. Gasoline is a mix of mid-weight hydrocarbons (the C6-C10 series, saturated and unsaturated, as I recall,) and the boatload of additives and oxygenates that the EPA and CalEPA mandates (simplest oxygenates are alcohols - which are hydrocarbons where one -H is replaced with a -OH radical - making them "slightly pre-oxygenated" hydrocarbons. Then we get into ethers and the like - which are more highly oxygenated, and more highly volatile. "Starting fluid" is a mix of ethyl ether and heptane - heptane is the hydrocarbon that was used as a definition of zero on the octane scale.)
Diesel is similar - it just uses a higher "section" of hydrocarbons (C12-C16 or so, I think?) and isn't ignited by a spark, but by heat of compression.
Are you sure you want to get into this, or have you had enough now? I'd have to dig out notes to go any deeper...