Ill just kind of go through and give you answers on these in the order you asked them, and I am going to assume you are talking about a pistol, not a rifle/shotgun(some things are different)... Other things are different in the city/county of Denver and Broomfield. Good job on the research BTW. Common sense is key! I recommend spending a few bucks and taking a good defensive handgun or concealed course through the NRA. Oh, and Yella, good links!
-It doesn't matter where the firearm is kept. - True, but common sense would dictate that in the glove box or wherever you keep your registration and proof of insurance is NOT the ideal place to keep the gun, unless you want a Glock screwed to the side of your head when you try and grab your documents for the police if you are pulled over. Depending on the size of the gun, either under my seat, or in the center console are pretty decent spots.
-The firearm has to be out of the immediate reach of the driver. - False.
-It needs to be kept out of sight. - Not required, but definitely recommended! I dont like to call attention to something if I dont need to. Chances are, if you have a gun on the passenger seat, somebody in a bigger truck than you will see it become "alarmed" and call the police. Now you gotta deal with the authorities, making you late to wherever you are going, and wasting the cops time. And what happens if you go to move it, and somebody sees it, and claims you pointed it at them? Now you may be facing a Felony Menacing charge! No bueno!
-It needs to be kept in plain sight so a cop can see it. - If there is no reason for law enforcement to search your vehicle, or they dont ask. Why volunteer the information that you are armed? Be honest, but dont be eager! Some LEOs may have a different opinion on this... Just be smart about it. Dont hand the officer your license/reg/poi and say, I have a gun!
-It doesn't matter if its loaded or not. - This is where rifles and shotguns come into play. But with a pistol, i would hope it IS loaded! What are you going to do with an unloaded gun? haha
-It has to be unloaded and the ammo and firearm have to be kept in separate areas. - not per state law, some municipalities may say different unless carrying a permit(DENVER???)
-You need a CCW permit. - only if its concealed on your person
-You don't need a CCW permit. - unless concealing it on your person. The quick and dirty way of looking at this in colorado is that your car is an extension of your home. What you may do in the privacy of your home without a permit(shove a gun in the couch cushions or in a drawer), you may do in your car(under the seat or in the console).