I don't think the camber is adjustable on the axle. It's just made with a certain amount built in. When you twist the axle it will change the relative position of the king pins or joints (not sure what there called exactly) to the ground giving a change in the camber of the wheels. I've noticed that I get more camber when the axle gets twisted back.
The "caster" or "rake" angle changes because of the same reason but just a different motion. You'll notice on jacked Jeeps because when having the wheel that faces the direction that the steering is cranked to, the bottom the tire will be in farther in than the top. When its lowered beyond what most people see in a Jeep, the position is the opposite on the same wheel.
A 4-link usually is much bigger. Most of the time the back end needs to be tubbed out. 4-links have many adjustment positions, 3-4 per link end, located at the axle and the mounts at the frame for both the upper and lower links and also the links themselves are adjustable in length. The setup is also much beefier and the mounts at the axle usually go all the way around it and welded in and meant for high horsepower. These are really meant for drag racing.
4-bar setups are smaller and use less material. Also there are not as adjustable as the 4-link counterparts. Usually with maybe 2 or 3 mounting holes for the bars at the frame an maybe 2 at the axle. The bars are not adjustable either, although you can put adjustable ones in there but as a kit they don't come with adjustable bars.