Is the current tax system unfair? Yep - and it will be, as long as there are loopholes that can be exploited (not everyone is going to know about them.)
What's the solution? I mind two at the moment:
1) Flat Tax. Say, 10% or so. No deductions, no exemptions (except possibly for dependents) - just a flat 10% drawn from your paycheque. Eliminate tax returns as well - this reduces administrative load, meaning we can reduce personnel and get people to actually work for a living.
2) National Retail Sales Tax (cf. fairtax.org, IIRC.) A flat 5-7% national sales tax administered like county/state taxes (not on staple foodstuffs, only on goods sold as "new" - that sort of thing) which gives people the ability to track and control what their tax bite is.
The principal problem with either method as proposed is that they always want to make it "revenue neutral" - meaning that they bring in the same money with either of these as they would with what they get now, meaning NRST beign up around 15-17%, or a flat tax of 25-30% all across the board. No.
Concurrent with tax reformation, economic reformation also needs to happen. Elimination of trade deficits with other countries (notably Taiwan, Hong Kong, and China.) Reduction-In-Force of government departments (not the military or public safety - mainly the "adminiweenies" that take up payroll but don't actually produce or protect anything.) Reduction in pay of Congresscritters - they get enough in benefits associated with the job anyhow. A lot of money gets sent out of the country that doesn't come back (cf. "undocumented workers") - so if you're sending money out of the country without being able to show an invoice or an order slip for it, a hefty surcharge should apply. If there is a consistent history of it, then that individual should be located, investigated, and/or expelled.
Things like that. For the new tax system to be truly "fair" - we need to reduce the drain on the economy presented by paying (rather exhorbitantly) people who aren't really doing anything to help.
Also, could someone tell me why corporate execs get paid so damned much? The company my wife works for just canned their CEO - he was making ~$13M/year. As part of his "termination with cause," he was given two year's pay as severance - ~$26-27M. Hah? You're getting shown the door because you screwed up, so why should you profit from it? While we're about it, how can you justify getting paid more than the President of the United States - he's got a lot more weight on his shoulders, and his compensation (direct) is only ~$450K/year. So, that should be a limit for compensation - unless you're responsible for more than the welfare of a country and better than three hundred million people, methinks.
(Same goes for so-called "athletes" - they get paid more for one stinkin' game than some of us are going to make our entire lives. If they insist upon getting paid that well, then the risk of injury or death should be increased. Play football in an active minefield, perhaps? Make them earn that money! Besides, if they enjoy the game so damned much, why don't they play for free?
A lot of people slammed Lee Iacocca when he took over ChryCo, but I'll give him credit for one thing. He lowered his annual salary to $1 and spread around stock options like no-body's business. He essentially told everyone that "If the company does well, we'll all do well. If the company founders, we're all sunk." Especially him. Capital idea!